Tort Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Tort Law - Essay Example Stringer also has a case to make claims against McNulty as a secondary victim. This is because he was present in the immediate aftermath of the accident and had a direct perception of the accident. In addition, by virtue of Stringer Bell’s response to McNulty’s distress call, following the decision in Frost v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police in which claims by rescuing policemen were allowed, Stringer will become a primary victim of the incident as a rescuer (Best & Barnes, 2011: p61). However, McNulty cannot make claims against the Baltimore District Council for joint liability in the accident. This is because, even though the construction materials had been left on the road, they were not part of the road. He cannot claim that the council was responsible for removing the materials as they belonged to Barksdale Development ltd. To make a claim, he must show that the council was negligent in the provision of a safe roadway (Best & Barnes, 2011: p63). In additio n, the council is immune from being sued except in special conditions, of which this is not one of them as the materials belonged to Barksdale. Finally, Omar can sue Kima for economic loss due to negligent misstatement. This is because Kima knew the purpose for which Omar sought the advice and Omar acted on the advice given to him to his economic detriment (Best & Barnes, 2011: p42). However, because Kima expected that he would seek advice from another independent source as she had already told him that she could not carry out a full road check without going to her garage, there is a possibility that the claim may be denied. In the second case, Lucy cannot make any claims against the zoo for her incident with the monkey. This is because the damage she suffered from the monkey bite had been forewarned by a sign that asked visitors not to feed the monkey in the absence of a zoo staff member. In

Thomas Kuhns Structure of Scientific Revolutions Essays -- Book Revie

The aim of this essay is to provide a summary and critique of Thomas S. Kuhn’s groundbreaking thesis ‘The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.’ This will be done by analyzing his concepts of ‘paradigm’, ‘normal science’ and ‘scientific revolutions.’ Following the overview I will present the example of ‘The Copernican Revolution’ to empirically show a paradigm shift. The rest of the essay is concerned specifically with critically examining Kuhn’s notion of a paradigm and the incommensurability between them. I will show that to define paradigm is a never ending task however this should not hinder the usefulness of the concept itself. Before Kuhn’s book was written, the commonly held position by scientists and philosophers of science, such as Mach and Otswald , about the structure of science; was that it involved linear progression as a result of an incremental accumulation of knowledge from the activities undertaken by members of the scientific community. They thought that as generations of scientists observed more and more, their understanding of a particular scientific fact would become better refined through an ever growing stockpile of facts, theories and methods. The aim of the historian of science would be to pin point the man and the moment in time a further discovery was made; whilst also describing the obstacles that inhibited scientific progression. Then in 1962, Kuhn’s revolutionary book challenged the prevailing model of the history of science and argued for an episodic structure in which periods of conceptual continuity in normal science are interrupted by periods of revolutionary science. I will begin by outlining the core concepts that Kuhn presents at the beginning of his thesis. The backbone of Kuh... ... with its easy and friendly applicability means that it fulfils the aims of which Kuhn wanted. To tell the story of how science was structured. Bibliography Bonini, C. P. (1963). Simulation of information and decision systems in the firm. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. Kuhn, T. S. (1962. Second Edition, enlarged, 1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: The University of Chicago. Masterman, M. (1970). The Nature of a Paradigm. In I. Lakatos, & A. Musgrave (Eds.), Criticism and The Growth of Knowledge (pp. 59-90). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Shapere, D. (1964). Review: The structure of Scientific Revolutions. The Philosophical Review , 73 (3), 383-394. Shapere, D. (1971, May). The Paradigm Concept. Science , 172 (3984), pp. 706-709. Weinberg, S. (1998). Scientific Revolutions. New York Review of Books , XLV (15).

Foreign affair essay

It shouldn't matter if those people live across the globe. As long as they are human, they should be treated with respect because everyone is created with equal amount of rights and no one can take them away. If we don't made any decision to end this type of camp in North Korea, there will be more people that will be torture and slaughter. Conservatives said that we should stay away from foreign affair due to the fact that we have our own problems. So we need to mind our own business before sticking our nose into other country. They want to let foreign country to solve their own problems.For example, we have our own people that are struggling financially like people living on the street and people that are jobless. They argues that these funds that goes into helping other country comes from American citizens, so logically it should be used for American citizens and not other country. It's like if Andy gives Jon a piece of candy, shouldn't Jon gives Andy something back in the future? They also suggest that since we are already in a huge debt, so why bother to increase it even more? Also what if all other countries are getting aired of waiting for their money and on top of that they see us giving money away.Of course they will get even more mad thinking that we are pushing their limits. While it's needlessly to say that all of those arguments aren't true, I want to point out a couple of things. First, even though we have our own problems we needs to solve, the fact remains that nothing can be ever done in a day. What mean by that is that America already is trying to help the homeless people. There are churches and charity organizations that help homeless people. The government also has programs that help out poor people. For example, food drives, food stamp, and homeless assistance program.Plus some of these people are just lazy; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration estimates that 25 % of homeless people are drug abuser, they need to realize they have choice in American, they can choose to get a job(SHAMS Survey). Also, this issue can be compared to bullying. Bullying is currently a major issue. We have campaigns around the nation that are trying to stop bullying with the reason being that the victims can't solve it by themselves. These campaign aims for everyone to participate to stopping lulling. And if anyone knows what somebody is getting bully then we needs to step in and help the victim.With that being said, if we stay with the thinking of â€Å"mind out own business† or â€Å"let them solve it on their self†, we are being a huge hypocrite because even though we are not related to those foreign country, we still share one similarity. That similarity is that there is human living inside of all those country and we are all created equal. So it's very self- explanatory if we see one of us struggling then we should help out one another. And it's not like country like North Korea can solve it them self ei ther, the whole country is brainwashed into thinking that Kim Gong UN is the greatest.So why would anyone dare to stand up against their own role model. Second is that the opposite view also argue that the funding that goes into aiding another country comes from American citizens, so therefore it needs to be use on American citizens. While that seems very logical, they didn't use our constitution to the fullest. If that's is the case then why don't we let American citizens decide whether or not if they want their tax money goes onto foreign affair. So before We do anything with their tax We ask them to vote on whether or not if they want to put their money down.One of the long standing issues we have in America is debt. The conservative believes that we might increase our debt by intervening with other country. But if we don't, then communism country like North Korea might spread even more. And we already dislike communism to the fullest already, so don't feel like we should just st and and watch. What if communism spread throughout the world and we are the only democracy county. Then eventually we will fall to communism as well. So if we do participate in foreign affair, we can help them build up a better government and establish more foreign trade.Therefore, instead of looking it as dumping money away, we should see this as an opportunity as an investment. It might even improve the trade market and reduce our debts. My view on this topic should be very clear by now, but I want to talk about the real reasons I support protecting human rights in North Korea. Perhaps people don't know about the situation in North Korea, that's why am here to explain what really goes down in the harsh prison camps in North Korea. First of all, some of the prisoners that are in the camp don't even belong in there.They are sentence there because they are related to the political enemies of North Korea. By doing this, North Korea aims to get rid of everybody that doesn't agree with their government Doesn't this sound familiar? The Answer is yes. This is exact same principle, Hitler and his Nazi group followed, that â€Å"killed over 6 million of Jews in the holocaust. â€Å"(Rosenberg). This principle is not only illogical, but also heartbreaking. Innocent people including children are being punished without committing a crime but because of the communism's leader hatred beliefs.According to my experience, every time when we mention the Holocaust in history class it will always brings a gloomy feeling to the room whether you are Jews or not. And if was to ask anyone if they had the power to get rid of the Holocaust, they all would want to. Then I can't understand why anyone wouldn't want to stop this type of madness. It's the same thing but a different country. The other thing is that those prisoners re tortured, killed, and treated like animals. People's finger is chop off with the reason being accidentally dropped something.Kids are hit with a club until t hey are unconscious or dead if they didn't obey the rules. The prison guard would treat woman like they are animals, forcing them to do things that are explicit and shameful. â€Å"Many prisoners are beaten to dead and executed for stress relief. â€Å"(Adams). All these things lower their morality and turn those people into a beast with no sense of humanity. I have made my point to argue that America should step in and help a brother out. At the end of that day, we are all human, living on the same planet, eat the same food, and share a same goal.In Conclusion, America should participate in foreign affair to stop human right abuses. I understand that by doing this, we will lose resources and receive criticisms. Of course, everything comes with a price. But I strongly believe that the gain will over weigh the loss. I believe that it bring peace and prosperity to the world. This is a step ladder to world peace, even though it seen impossible to achieve, hopefully someday we will al l comes to realization hat life is short and we need to make better use of our life.

Fossil Fuel versus Solar Power Where the Line Meets the...

Fossil Fuel versus Solar Power: Where the Line Meets the Circle There are a number of benefits to building a house that utilizes direct solar energy as compared to current conventional designs, which are largely powered and heated by energy from fossil fuels. According to a number of estimates, it is actually cheaper in the long term to incorporate solar energy into building design. Solar energy is far cleaner than fossil fuel derived energy, and therefore is far less impacting on the health of humans and the environment. There are a number of innovative technologies that have been developed for nearly every application of solar energy, thus making its use comparably convenient to fossil fuel use, but with greater assurance of†¦show more content†¦With approximately ninety-nine percent of species that have existed on Earth already extinct, it is clear that individual species typically do not exist for an extended period on the geological time scale. (Gould, 2000) While it is immediately more expensive to incorporate solar design techniques in building a home, once a solar structure is in place it essentially pays for itself. After the initial cost of building and supply, all solar energy sequestered is free of charge, with the exception of periodic maintenance. This seems far more appealing than the ever present and increasing costs associated with fossil fuel dependency. One further cost especially deserving of mention is the environmental cost associated with fossil fuel use versus that of solar energy sequestration. Through widespread use of fossil fuels humans are responsible for the current global warming event. With the enormous output of carbon dioxide associated with fossil fuel consumption, it is no small wonder that there have been drastic environmental changes on the global scale. The sharp increase in carbon dioxide levels present in the atmosphere around the planet has caused significant disruption of planetary energy flows. This has led to melting of the polar ice caps, sea level rise, change in seasonal and weather patterns, and more. Another phenomenon associated with fossil fuel use,Show MoreRelatedThe Uk And Scottish Governments3456 Words   |  14 Pagescollides with the finite nature of fossil energy resources, now the main source of energy globally, and with the shortage of other resources needed to produce, transport or consume energy. This lack of resources is already leading to significant increases in prices, and more, at high price volatility, with corresponding negative effects on the global economy and in different countries, depending on their exposure or dependence energy (Meadowcroft, 2009). 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